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Аномалии социального функционирования и особенностей поведения сохраняются на протяжении всей жизни [2](https://www.invitro.ru/library/chem-boleyut-nashi-deti/27983/).\n\n\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые проявления РАС: \n* **Нарушения социального взаимодействия**: трудности в установлении и поддержании зрительного контакта, эмоциональная отстранённость, отсутствие интереса к совместным играм и общению [1](https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/autizm/). \n* **Нарушения коммуникации**: задержка или полное отсутствие развития речи, стереотипная, повторяющаяся речь [1](https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/autizm/). \n* **Ограниченные интересы**: сильная привязанность к определённым предметам, действиям или темам, повторяющиеся ритуалы [6](https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/autizm/). \n* **Стереотипные повторяющиеся движения**: повторяющиеся движения руками (хлопки, взмахи), раскачивание тела, ходьба на цыпочках, манипуляции с предметами (вращение, выстраивание в ряд) [6](https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/autizm/). \n\nСпектр и выраженность симптомов варьируется у разных людей и меняется с возрастом [1](https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/autizm/).\n\n## Причины\nПричины РАС не полностью изучены, но предполагается, что патология имеет многофакторное происхождение [1](https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/autizm/)[10](https://www.neuro-ural.ru/patient/dictonary/ru/a/autizm-u-detej.html). Некоторые факторы: \n* **Генетические факторы** — риск рождения ребёнка с РАС повышается с возрастом родителей [2](https://www.invitro.ru/library/chem-boleyut-nashi-deti/27983/)[10](https://www.neuro-ural.ru/patient/dictonary/ru/a/autizm-u-detej.html). \n* **Факторы внешней среды** — могут негативно влиять на внутриутробное развитие мозга или нарушать функционирование генов у людей с наследственной предрасположенностью к РАС [10](https://www.neuro-ural.ru/patient/dictonary/ru/a/autizm-u-detej.html).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагноз ставит детский психиатр или невролог на основе наблюдения за поведением и стандартизированных тестов [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). Некоторые методики: \n* **ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule)** — специалист наблюдает за ребёнком в игровой ситуации, оценивает социальное взаимодействие, коммуникацию и стереотипное поведение [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). \n* **ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised)** — глубокое структурированное интервью с родителями, о чём спрашивают развитие речи и социализации, поведенческие стереотипии [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). \n* **CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale)** — шкала оценки тяжести аутизма, оценивает отношение к людям, адаптацию к изменениям, зрительный контакт, речевые особенности [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). \n\nНи один тест не ставит диагноз самостоятельно — только комплексная оценка специалиста даёт точный результат [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Полного излечения нет**, но ранняя коррекция улучшает прогноз [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). Некоторые методы: \n* **ABA-терапия** — обучение навыкам через положительное подкрепление [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). \n* **Логопедическая коррекция** — развитие речи и коммуникации [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). \n* **Сенсорная интеграция** — работа с гипер- или гипочувствительностью [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/). \n* **Медикаментозная поддержка** (при агрессии, гиперактивности) [11](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/autizm/","shownUrl":"https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/autizm/","title":"Аутизм","shortUrl":"rc.mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"rc.mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/chem-boleyut-nashi-deti/27983/","shownUrl":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/chem-boleyut-nashi-deti/27983/","title":"Аутизм - причины появления, симптомы заболевания, диагностика и способы лечения","shortUrl":"invitro.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"invitro.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/autizm-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/autizm-u-detey/","title":"Аутизм у детей: признаки, симптомы, виды, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"smclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.kdpmc.ru/zabolevaniya/autizm-u-detej/","shownUrl":"https://www.kdpmc.ru/zabolevaniya/autizm-u-detej/","title":"Признаки аутизма и его симптомы у детей простыми словами","shortUrl":"kdpmc.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"kdpmc.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/narusheniya-psihiki-psihologiya/autizm","shownUrl":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/narusheniya-psihiki-psihologiya/autizm","title":"Аутизм у детей - симптомы и признаки, причины возникновения","shortUrl":"VIDAL.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"VIDAL.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/autizm/","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/autizm/","title":"Аутизм (РАС): что это такое, причины и первые признаки у детей и взрослых| СМ-Клиника","shortUrl":"smclinic-ryazan.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic-ryazan.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://deti-indigo74.ru/chto-lechim/r/rasstroystvo-auticheskogo-spektra/","shownUrl":"https://deti-indigo74.ru/chto-lechim/r/rasstroystvo-auticheskogo-spektra/","title":"Расстройство аутического спектра — Что лечим НИИ «Дети Индиго»","shortUrl":"deti-indigo74.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"deti-indigo74.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://www.defectologiya.pro/zhurnal/rasstrojstvo_autisticheskogo_spektra_u_detej_prichinyi_ras,_simptomyi,_vidyi_i_diagnostika/","shownUrl":"https://www.defectologiya.pro/zhurnal/rasstrojstvo_autisticheskogo_spektra_u_detej_prichinyi_ras,_simptomyi,_vidyi_i_diagnostika/","title":"Расстройство аутистического спектра у детей: причины РАС, симптомы, виды и диагностика | Дефектология Проф","shortUrl":"defectologiya.pro","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"defectologiya.pro"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://www.drlevit.com/prichini-autisma/","shownUrl":"https://www.drlevit.com/prichini-autisma/","title":"Причины возникновения аутизма (РАС) у детей","shortUrl":"drlevit.com","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"drlevit.com"},{"sourceId":10,"url":"https://www.neuro-ural.ru/patient/dictonary/ru/a/autizm-u-detej.html","shownUrl":"https://www.neuro-ural.ru/patient/dictonary/ru/a/autizm-u-detej.html","title":"Аутизм у детей: признаки, диагностика, лечение | КИМ","shortUrl":"neuro-ural.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"neuro-ural.ru"},{"sourceId":11,"url":"https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://lit-baby.ru/blog/autizm-u-detey/","title":"Аутизм у детей – симптомы, признаки, диагностика и лечение | Детская поликлиника на Ленинградке","shortUrl":"lit-baby.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"lit-baby.ru"},{"sourceId":12,"url":"https://ProBolezny.ru/autizm/","shownUrl":"https://ProBolezny.ru/autizm/","title":"Аутизм: что это, признаки у детей и симптомы у взрослых, лечение в статье детского психиатра Ворхлик Е. 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