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В сферу его компетенций входят не только операции, но и диагностика заболеваний, а также методы подготовки к оперативному вмешательству и послеоперационная реабилитация [2](https://abia.ru/serdechno-sosudistyj-hirurg).\n\n## Заболевания\nКардиохирург лечит, например: \n* **Ишемическую болезнь сердца** — хронический недостаток кислорода для питания миокарда [1](https://chekhovsc.ru/vrach-serdechno-sosudistyj-khirurg)[4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F). \n* **Аритмии** (брадикардия, тахикардия, мерцательная аритмия и другие) [1](https://chekhovsc.ru/vrach-serdechno-sosudistyj-khirurg). \n* **Воспалительные заболевания сердца (кардиты)** [1](https://chekhovsc.ru/vrach-serdechno-sosudistyj-khirurg). \n* **Пороки сердца** — врождённые аномалии или приобретённые в течение жизни [1](https://chekhovsc.ru/vrach-serdechno-sosudistyj-khirurg). \n* **Инфаркт миокарда** — развивается при резком нарушении кровоснабжения [1](https://chekhovsc.ru/vrach-serdechno-sosudistyj-khirurg). \n* **Аневризмы** — выпячивания, которые появляются из-за разрыва рубца на месте перенесённого инфаркта миокарда [4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)[8](https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F).\n\n## Диагностика\nКардиохирург назначает комплексное обследование, которое позволяет подтвердить диагноз, определить точную локализацию, степень поражения и оптимальную тактику вмешательства [5](https://ona-clinic.ru/serdechno-sosudistaya-hirurgiya/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Электрокардиография (ЭКГ)** — оценивает электрическую активность сердца, обнаруживает ишемию, перенесённый инфаркт миокарда, аритмии [5](https://ona-clinic.ru/serdechno-sosudistaya-hirurgiya/). \n* **Эхокардиография (ЭхоКГ)** — ультразвуковое исследование сердца, позволяет визуализировать работу клапанов, сократительную способность миокарда, размеры камер сердца, внутрисердечный кровоток [5](https://ona-clinic.ru/serdechno-sosudistaya-hirurgiya/). \n* **Лабораторные исследования** — анализы крови (тропонин, креатинфосфокиназа-МВ, липидный профиль, маркеры воспаления) [5](https://ona-clinic.ru/serdechno-sosudistaya-hirurgiya/).\n\n## Операции\nХирургическое вмешательство назначается, когда консервативная медикаментозная терапия или малоинвазивные эндоваскулярные методы (стентирование, баллонная ангиопластика) неэффективны или невозможны из-за тяжести поражения [5](https://ona-clinic.ru/serdechno-sosudistaya-hirurgiya/). Некоторые виды кардиохирургических операций: \n* **Аортокоронарное шунтирование (АКШ)** — создаёт обходные пути (шунты) для крови при закупорке или критическом сужении коронарных сосудов [15](https://www.dockomarov.ru/lechenie/). \n* **Операции на клапанах** — замена клапана (установка механического или биологического протеза) при тяжёлых дегенеративных изменениях или пластика (реконструкция) клапана при частичном сохранении его функции [15](https://www.dockomarov.ru/lechenie/). \n* **Коррекция врождённых пороков сердца** — закрытие дефектов межжелудочковой или межпредсердной перегородки, исправление аномалий сосудов и структуры сердца [15](https://www.dockomarov.ru/lechenie/).\n\n## Реабилитация\nКардиохирург наблюдает состояние пациента после оперативного вмешательства, назначает программу реабилитации [3](https://medyunion.ru/doctors/serdechno-sosudistyy-khirurg/). Некоторые направления реабилитации: \n* **Лечебная физкультура** — занятия проводятся под контролем врача-реабилитолога, в остром периоде — в щадящем режиме с постепенным увеличением нагрузки [20](https://rosreab.ru/stati/reabilitatsiya-posle-operatsii-na-serdtse/). \n* **Медикаментозная терапия** — основная задача — ослабить или предупредить осложнения [20](https://rosreab.ru/stati/reabilitatsiya-posle-operatsii-na-serdtse/). 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