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Чаще всего встречается у детей от полугода до пяти лет, поскольку в этом возрасте просвет гортани физиологически узкий, а слизистая склонна к отёку [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/krup.html). \n\nРазличают два основных вида крупа [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/): \n1. **Истинный** — возникает при дифтерии, сопровождается образованием плотных налётов в гортани [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/krup.html)[2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n2. **Ложный** — чаще всего развивается на фоне вирусных инфекций [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины крупа: \n* **Вирусные инфекции** — парагрипп, аденовирусы, риновирусы, реже — вирус гриппа [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/krup.html)[6](https://mc21.ru/articles/krup/). Вирус проникает через верхние дыхательные пути, вызывая воспаление слизистой гортани и её отёк [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/krup/). \n* **Бактериальные инфекции** — например, дифтерия гортани, при которой в гортани формируются плотные серые плёнки, перекрывающие просвет дыхательных путей [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/krup/). \n* **Аллергические реакции** — стеноз гортани может возникнуть при сильной аллергической реакции (например, на пищевые продукты, медикаменты, укусы насекомых) [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/krup/). \n* **Механическое раздражение** — попадание инородного тела в гортань или трахею может вызвать симптомы, похожие на круп [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/krup/).\n\n## Симптомы\nСимптоматика крупа зависит от степени стеноза гортани [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). В лёгких случаях болезнь проявляется умеренным кашлем и осиплостью голоса, в тяжёлых — выраженной одышкой и дыхательной недостаточностью [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n\n**Некоторые симптомы**: \n* лающий кашель — сухой, громкий, похожий на собачий лай [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/); \n* осиплость голоса — изменение тембра голоса вплоть до полной его потери [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/); \n* инспираторная одышка — затруднённый вдох, сопровождающийся свистящими звуками [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/); \n* шумное дыхание (стридор) — характерный хрипящий звук при вдохе [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/); \n* лихорадка — повышение температуры тела до 38–39°C [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n\nПри появлении симптомов дыхательной недостаточности требуется немедленная госпитализация [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностика крупа основана на клинической картине и дополнительных исследованиях [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Осмотр ЛОР-врача** — позволяет выявить отёк гортани [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n* **Аускультация** — оценка шумов дыхания [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n* **Пульсоксиметрия** — измерение уровня кислорода в крови [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n* **Рентгенография шеи** — выявление сужения гортани (симптом «карандаша») [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n* **Лабораторные анализы** — общий анализ крови, бактериологический посев мазка из горла [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение крупа зависит от тяжести состояния пациента и причины заболевания [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). **Общие рекомендации**: увлажнение воздуха (использование увлажнителей, паровые ингаляции), обильное тёплое питьё, постельный режим [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/krup/). \n\n**В тяжёлых случаях** назначают системные глюкокортикоиды и другие препараты [3](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF). \n\n**При своевременно начатой терапии** проявления крупа купируются обычно в течение 2 суток [13](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/krup/). 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