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тимирязевском","retina":false,"avatarId":"0","isMacOS":false,"brand":"alice-ru","device":{"isIOS":false,"platform":"desktop"},"expFlags":{"isFootnoteDetails":true,"isFootnoteRedesignDivided":true,"futurisMultiqueryFlag":true}},"dialogStoreProps":{"baseUrl":"","orderedPairUUID":["Question"],"requestResponsePairs":{"data":{"Question":{"userMessage":"Папиллома: что это?","markdown":"**Папиллома** — доброкачественное новообразование, формирующееся на коже или слизистых оболочках в результате заражения **вирусом папилломы человека (ВПЧ)** [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/)[3](https://doct.ru/diseases/papillomy.html). \n\n**Внешний вид**: мягкие наросты на тонкой ножке или широком основании, размеры — от 1–2 мм до 1–2 см и более [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). Могут быть плоскими или возвышающимися, иметь телесный, розовый или коричневатый оттенок [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). \n\n**Локализация**: на коже папиллома чаще возникает в области шеи, подмышек, на лице, в зоне декольте; на слизистых — во рту, в носоглотке, на голосовых связках, в аногенитальной области [3](https://doct.ru/diseases/papillomy.html).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Основная причина** — инфицирование ВПЧ, которое происходит при прямом контакте с кожей или слизистыми инфицированного человека [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). Попадание вируса возможно через микроповреждения кожи или слизистых [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). \n\n**Передача ВПЧ**: \n* половым путём [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* при использовании общих предметов личной гигиены [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* через руки при контакте с заражёнными участками кожи [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* во время родов от матери к ребёнку [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). \n\n**Риск активации вируса** возрастает при снижении иммунитета, хронических инфекциях, гормональных перестройках, частых стрессах и длительном воздействии ультрафиолета [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые проявления**: \n* образование небольших, безболезненных наростов [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* изменение их цвета от бледно-розового до коричневого [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* увеличение размеров и количества со временем [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* зуд или раздражение при трении одеждой [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* кровоточивость и воспаление при травмировании [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). \n\n**Особую настороженность** вызывают папилломы, которые быстро увеличиваются в размерах, меняют цвет или начинают болеть [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Точный диагноз** ставится на основании визуального осмотра и лабораторных исследований [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). Чаще всего применяются: \n* ПЦР-анализ для определения штамма ВПЧ и его активности [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* дерматоскопия для оценки структуры образования [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* гистологическое исследование удалённой ткани [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Полностью вывести вирус из организма невозможно**, поэтому основная цель терапии — удаление образований и укрепление иммунитета [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). **Некоторые методы удаления**: \n* лазерное удаление с минимальной травматизацией [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* криодеструкция (замораживание жидким азотом) [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* радиоволновое иссечение [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* электрокоагуляция [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/); \n* хирургическое удаление при крупных образованиях [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/). \n\n**Самостоятельно удалять или прижигать папилломы в домашних условиях** не стоит — это может привести к инфицированию, ожогам и даже спровоцировать рост опухолевых клеток [3](https://doct.ru/diseases/papillomy.html).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/","shownUrl":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/papillomy/","title":"Папилломы: лечение, симптомы, причины и профилактика","shortUrl":"mos-clinics.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mos-clinics.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0","title":"Папиллома — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://doct.ru/diseases/papillomy.html","shownUrl":"https://doct.ru/diseases/papillomy.html","title":"Папилломы - причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение | Вирус папилломы человека (ВПК)","shortUrl":"doct.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"doct.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/937","shownUrl":"https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/937","title":"Папиллома. 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