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Табачный дым содержит психоактивное вещество — никотин, который вызывает привыкание [3](https://yandex.ru/health/turbo/articles?id=5723)[4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5). \n\nКурить человека «заставляет» **физическая зависимость** от никотина и **психическая зависимость** от ритуала курения [1](https://www.bechterev.ru/obshenie/glossariy/item/kurenie-tabaka/).\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые факторы, которые способствуют формированию зависимости: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — дети курящих родителей чаще начинают курить [7](https://ugodie.ru/vajno-znat/kurenie/psihologia-nikotinovoy-zavisimosti/)[9](https://salerno.clinic/poleznaya-informatciya/po-kureniyu/pochemu-sigarety-vyzyvayut-zavisimost/). \n* **Социальное окружение** — например, влияние компании, где курить считается нормой [8](https://AlkoSpas.ru/diseases/nikotinovaya-zavisimost/). \n* **Психологические факторы** — низкий уровень самооценки, психологические комплексы, низкая переносимость стрессов [8](https://AlkoSpas.ru/diseases/nikotinovaya-zavisimost/). \n\nНа начальных стадиях зависимость имеет психологический характер, физиологическая развивается через несколько месяцев или лет систематического курения [8](https://AlkoSpas.ru/diseases/nikotinovaya-zavisimost/).\n\n## Последствия\nТабакокурение негативно влияет на организм, например: \n* **Заболевания дыхательной системы** — хронический бронхит, эмфизема лёгких, риск развития рака лёгких [2](https://aksbibl.yanao.ru/presscenter/news/322532/)[14](https://klinika-promed.ru/stati/vred-nikotina-na-zdorove-cheloveka/). \n* **Нарушение функций сердечно-сосудистой системы** — сужение сосудов и повышение давления, многолетнее курение ведёт к утолщению стенок артерий [14](https://klinika-promed.ru/stati/vred-nikotina-na-zdorove-cheloveka/). \n* **Онкологические риски** — повышенная вероятность опухолей полости рта, пищевода, желудка и других органов [14](https://klinika-promed.ru/stati/vred-nikotina-na-zdorove-cheloveka/). \n* **Заболевания полости рта** — стойкая пигментация зубной эмали, неприятный запах, со временем повышается вероятность пародонтита и выпадения зубов [14](https://klinika-promed.ru/stati/vred-nikotina-na-zdorove-cheloveka/).\n\n## Методы лечения\nЕсли курение стало крепкой привычкой, необходимо обратиться к врачу — психиатру-наркологу или психотерапевту [16](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/kak-brosit-kurit/). Некоторые методы лечения: \n* **Никотин-замещающая терапия** — используют жевательную резинку с никотином, специальные леденцы, пластыри, назальные спреи [16](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/kak-brosit-kurit/). \n* **Лекарственные препараты** — применение агонистов никотиновых рецепторов снижает патологическое влечение [16](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/kak-brosit-kurit/). \n* **Психологические консультации** — психолог информирует о вреде курения и мотивирует человека к замене пагубной привычки здоровыми интересами [16](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/kak-brosit-kurit/). \n\n**Резко бросать курить не рекомендуется** — лучше делать это постепенно, в течение двух-трёх недель, снижая количество сигарет и отслеживая свои ощущения и эмоции [16](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/kak-brosit-kurit/).\n\n## Профилактика\nНекоторые меры профилактики табакокурения: \n* **Запрет рекламы сигарет** — на пачках с сигаретами печатают фотографии, показывающие последствия никотиновой зависимости [22](https://lic-4-kaspijsk-kaspijsk-r82.gosweb.gosuslugi.ru/glavnoe/pamyatki-dlya-podrostkov-i-ih-roditeley-o-narkomanii/novosti_85.html)[24](https://oek-adm.ru/novosti/7448/). \n* **Ограничение продажи сигарет** лицам до 18 лет [22](https://lic-4-kaspijsk-kaspijsk-r82.gosweb.gosuslugi.ru/glavnoe/pamyatki-dlya-podrostkov-i-ih-roditeley-o-narkomanii/novosti_85.html)[24](https://oek-adm.ru/novosti/7448/). \n* **Запрет на курение в общественных местах** [22](https://lic-4-kaspijsk-kaspijsk-r82.gosweb.gosuslugi.ru/glavnoe/pamyatki-dlya-podrostkov-i-ih-roditeley-o-narkomanii/novosti_85.html)[24](https://oek-adm.ru/novosti/7448/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.bechterev.ru/obshenie/glossariy/item/kurenie-tabaka/","shownUrl":"https://www.bechterev.ru/obshenie/glossariy/item/kurenie-tabaka/","title":"Курение табака (табакокурение) — Терминология","shortUrl":"bechterev.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"bechterev.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://aksbibl.yanao.ru/presscenter/news/322532/","shownUrl":"https://aksbibl.yanao.ru/presscenter/news/322532/","title":"Памятка: Курение вредит здоровью / Муниципального бюджетного учреждения культуры \"Приуральская межпоселенческая централизованная библиотечная система\"","shortUrl":"aksbibl.yanao.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"aksbibl.yanao.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://yandex.ru/health/turbo/articles?id=5723","shownUrl":"https://yandex.ru/health/turbo/articles?id=5723","title":"Табакокурение - 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