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заболевания органов грудной клетки** (лёгкие, трахея, бронхи, пищевод, грудная стенка, диафрагма, средостение) [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html)[3](https://clinic-complex.ru/services/operatsii/torakalnaya-khirurgiy/torakalnaya-khirurgiya/)[11](https://mammaclinic.ru/uslugi/torakalnaya-hirurgiya/). Название специальности происходит от латинского слова thorax — «грудная клетка» [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html).\n\n\n\n## Заболевания\nНекоторые патологии, которые лечит торакальный хирург: \n* **Онкологические заболевания** — доброкачественные или злокачественные опухоли, в том числе с отдалёнными метастазами [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html)[11](https://mammaclinic.ru/uslugi/torakalnaya-hirurgiya/). \n* **Неонкологические болезни** — аномалии развития, бронхоэктатическая болезнь, эмфизема, трахеопищеводные свищи [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html)[11](https://mammaclinic.ru/uslugi/torakalnaya-hirurgiya/). \n* **Воспалительные и инфекционные заболевания** — абсцесс лёгкого, эмпиема, плеврит [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html)[11](https://mammaclinic.ru/uslugi/torakalnaya-hirurgiya/). \n* **Травмы грудной клетки** — внутреннее кровотечение, восстановление целостности повреждённых органов, удаление инородных тел [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html). \n* **Острые состояния**, связанные с органами в грудной клетке: травмы, гемоторакс, пневмоторакс, стеноз трахеи или бронхов, закупорка лёгочной артерии и др. [11](https://mammaclinic.ru/uslugi/torakalnaya-hirurgiya/).\n\n## Методы лечения\nТоракальные хирурги проводят как плановые, так и экстренные вмешательства [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html). Некоторые методы лечения: \n* **Торакотомия** — разрез на грудной стенке, обычно между соседними рёбрами [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html). \n* **Торакоскопия** — малоинвазивные операции через проколы с использованием специального инструмента — торакоскопа с видеокамерой [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html). \n* **Эндоскопические операции** — вмешательства без разрезов на коже, из просвета пищевода, трахеи и бронхов [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html). \n* **Торакоцентез** — процедура, во время которой в грудной стенке делают прокол и удаляют содержимое, скопившееся между листками плевры [2](https://rokptd.gosuslugi.ru/informatsiya-dlya-patsientov/napravleniya/torakal-xirurgiya.html).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля постановки точного диагноза и определения тактики лечения используются, например: \n* **Лучевая диагностика** — рентгенография, компьютерная томография (КТ) органов грудной клетки [4](https://mc-novomed.ru/direction/torakalnyj-hirurg/). \n* **Эндоскопические методы** — бронхоскопия (осмотр трахеи и бронхов изнутри), при необходимости с биопсией [4](https://mc-novomed.ru/direction/torakalnyj-hirurg/). \n* **Ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ)** — плевральных полостей, средостения, мягких тканей грудной стенки [4](https://mc-novomed.ru/direction/torakalnyj-hirurg/).\n\n## Реабилитация\nПосле операций, проведённых торакальным хирургом, пациентам могут назначать: \n* **Обезболивающие препараты** — интенсивность и длительность боли индивидуальны у каждого пациента, но, как правило, проходят в течение первого месяца [15](https://thoraxsurgery.ru/page/for-patients/rehabilitation). \n* **Уход за послеоперационной раной** — область хирургического разреза должна сохраняться в сухости и чистоте, не следует использовать кремы или мази 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