---
metadata:
  - name: generator
    content: Diplodoc Platform v5.50.2
alternate:
  - https://yandex.ru/support/dns/en/how-work.md
  - https://yandex.ru/support/dns/ru/how-work.md
---
> **Documentation Index:** Fetch the complete configuration index at https://yandex.ru/support/dns/ru/llms.txt

# Как работает

## Что такое DNS {#about-dns}

DNS (Domain Name System — «система доменных имен») — это адресная книга интернета, где указан цифровой адрес каждого сайта. Например, URL `yandex.ru` соответствует адресу 5.255.255.70.

Когда вы набираете в адресной строке URL сайта (например, `yandex.ru`), браузер отправляет запрос на специальный DNS-сервер. DNS-сервер находит соответствующий этому URL цифровой IP-адрес (в данном случае 5.255.255.70) и отправляет его в ответ вашему браузеру. Чем быстрее работает сервер DNS, тем быстрее у вас откроется сайт.

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## Зачем нужно шифрование {#encryption}

Обычный незашифрованный DNS-запрос можно сравнить с открыткой, отправленной по почте: любой, кто обрабатывает почту, может случайно увидеть текст, написанный на обратной стороне. А вдруг там конфиденциальная или личная информация?

При отправке незашифрованных запросов:

- Провайдер и администратор сети могут узнать, какие сайты вы посещаете.
- Злоумышленник может подменить ответ DNS-сервера и перенаправить вас на вредоносную страницу. Например, вместо сайта банка вы можете оказаться на мошенническом ресурсе, который ворует пароли.

Поэтому все основные браузеры используют шифрование DNS-трафика.


{% note info %}

Например, в [Яндекс Браузере](https://browser.yandex.ru/) в рамках комплексной защиты Protect используется шифрование DNS over HTTPS (DоH).

{% endnote %}



## Технологии DoT и DoH {#DoT-DoH}

Яндекс DNS использует оба основных стандарта шифрования — [DNS поверх TLS](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_поверх_TLS) и [DNS поверх HTTPS](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_поверх_HTTPS), которые шифруют запросы и ответы DNS, чтобы обеспечить их безопасность.

**DNS поверх TLS (DNS over TLS) или DoT**
:   DoT использует тот же протокол безопасности (TLS), который веб-сайты HTTPS используют для шифрования и аутентификации связей. DoT добавляет шифрование TLS поверх протокола пользовательских дейтаграмм (UDP), который используется для DNS-запросов.

**DNS поверх HTTPS (DNS over HTTPS) или DoH**
:   При использовании DoH запросы и ответы DNS зашифровываются, но при этом они отправляются через протоколы HTTP или HTTP/2, а не напрямую через UDP.

Различие стандартов DoT и DoH состоит в том, какой порт они используют. DoT использует выделенный специально под него порт 853, а DoH использует порт 443, который также используется для всего остального трафика HTTPS.

Таким образом DoT дает сетевым администраторам возможность отслеживать и блокировать DNS-запросы, что важно для выявления и остановки вредоносного трафика. А DoH-запросы скрыты в обычном трафике HTTPS, что дает сетевым администраторам меньшую видимость, но обеспечивает пользователям большую конфиденциальность.



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